The impact of nutritional modification to increase functional polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as n-3 and n-6 fatty acids (FA) or conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), on milk proteome profile during early lactation remains largely unknown. We used an untargeted proteomics approach to investigat...
(GPC, Waters-Wyatt, USA) was used to compare the molecular weight distribution of the filtered product solution and untreated waste milk. To compare its functional groups and element components with standard HLA/FLA, the freeze-dried product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer...
After 30 min of incubation at room temperature, the absorbance of the reaction mixture was measured at 750 nm against deionized water as a blank using a spectrophotometer (Hitachi, Model 100-20). Gallic acid (GA) was used as a standard phenolic compound, and a seven points standard curve (...
The compound’s mechanisms of action determine where the antibacterial activity appears. The activation of the antibacterial activity of milk and colostrum compounds can start in the infant’s mouth during lactation and continue in the gastrointestinal regions. These antibacterial properties possess ...
Air, for example, is a mixture of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and rare gases, while water is a chemical compound of the elements hydrogen and oxygen. The nucleus of the atom consists of protons and neutrons, Figure 2.1. The protons carry a positive unit charge, while the neutrons are...
A concentrate derived from milk or a milk product comprising sialyllactose in amounts higher than the normal amounts found in the milk or milk product and a process for preparation of such a concentrate by ultrafiltration and diafiltration using a thin film polyamide based membrane. The concentrate...
The mammary gland is a compound, tubulo-alveolar structure with a merocrine/apocrine mode of secretion [63]. Proteins, some amino acids (AA), and fats are synthesized and secreted by MEC in response to hormones (e.g., prolactin, insulin and glucocorticoids) [64]. The alveoli are ...
Vitamin E is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory element, which may regulate constipation symptoms through manipulation of inflammation (Singh et al., 2005). In the ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, d-glucuronic acid can be converted into ascorbate through a sequence of enzyme-driven steps,...
Vitamin E concentration in milk is about 0,6 mg/l [9] (Table1), but may increase 3–4 folds by proper feeding regimes (see later). Recommended intake is 15 mg/day [4]. Vitamin E is not a single compound; it includes tocoferols and tocotrienols. In whole milk, alpha-tocopherol is...
The covariance structure of each variable was examined using four elements (compound symmetry, autoregressive order 1, unstructured covariance, and variance components). The mean value for each trait was compared using the covariance structure with the lowest Akaike information criterion. The difference ...