Thanks to the ability of AFM to sense and apply forces with high accuracy, AFM-based force spectroscopy (AFM-FS) has become an excellent tool to study molecular interactions at the single molecule level [43]. Therefore, during recent decades AFM-FS has been a suitable technique to perform ...
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an imaging tool which utilizes a nanometer-sized tip as a localized force sensor. Since its invention [61], it has been widely used to study biology specimens including nucleic acid [62–64], proteins [65], viruses [66,67], cells [68], etc. AFM ...