Microcystins are toxins produced by a variety of bloom-forming cyanobacteria that can cause hepatotoxicity in humans and animals. In this review article, we summarize progress in the understanding of microcystin biosynthesis and the effects of this toxin on surrounding organisms. We also present ...
related to the biosynthesis of microcystins under light periods.23 Microcystins are also likely involved in cell-to-cell signaling.23Microcystins and microvirin isolated fromMicrocystis aeruginosaPCC 7806 can interact and promote the aggregation of cells into colonies.23When microcystins are produced and...
Structural organization of microcystin biosynthesis in Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806: an integrated peptide-polyketide synthetase system. Background: Blooms of toxic cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) have become increasingly common in the surface waters of the world. Of the known toxins produc... TILLETT...
Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 1954 3 of 15 altered expression of Fv/Fm, rETRmax and α, were investigated. Given the potential occurrence of iron variation in freshwaters, our study aims to reveal iron effects on MC production and complete our knowledge about MC biosynthesis regulation, which...
Microcystins (MC) are potent hepatotoxins produced by the cyanobacteria of the genera Planktothrix, Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Nostoc and Anabaena. These cyclic heptapeptides have strong affinity to serine/threonine protein phosphatases (PPs) thereby ac
Cyanobacteria produce a wealth of secondary metabolites, including the group of small cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins that constitutes the microcystin family. The enzyme complex that directs the biosynthesis of microcystin is encoded in a single large g
Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods 25:402–408 Article CAS Google Scholar Welker M, von Döhren H (2006) Cyanobacterial peptides-Nature’s own combinatorial biosynthesis. FE...
Tillett D, Dittmann E, Erhard M, von Döhren H, Börner T, Neilan BA (2000) Structural organization of microcystin biosynthesis in Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806: an integrated peptide–polyketide synthetase system. Chem Biol 7:753–764. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1074-5521(00)00021-1 Artic...
The effects of MC-LR on cellular functions were highly time-dependent. MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and FoxO (forkhead box O) signaling pathways were the most prominent pathways activated by MC-LR. Steroid biosynthesis and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis were the most enriched for the ...
Chang X, Eigemann F, Hilt S (2012) Do macrophytes support harmful cyanobacteria? Interactions with a green alga reverse the inhibiting effects of macrophyte allelochemicals on Funding This study was funded by Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation/Financier of Studies and Projects (MCTI/FINE...