Barrow, NJ (1983c) A discussion of the methods for measuring the rate of reaction between soil and phosphate. Pert. Res 4: pp. 51-61Barrow NJ (1982) A discussion of the methods for measuring the rate of reaction between soil and phosphate. Fertilizer Res (in press)...
PCR consists of three main thermal cycling steps with several essential reaction components as described in the previous sections. Depending on the application, PCR setup may be modified to achieve specific experimental outcomes such as increased ...
Biotechnol Bioeng 16(11)– 1459–1469) measured methanogenic activity, by using a manometric device equipped with a photoelectric sensor to quantify the gas production. Methanogenesis is often the rate limiting step of the entire process and since the quantification of gas flowrate is ...
RNA velocity has been rapidly adopted to guide interpretation of transcriptional dynamics in snapshot single-cell data; however, current approaches for estimating RNA velocity lack effective strategies for quantifying uncertainty and determining the over
This type of reaction may be difficult to read and always involves a minimum of an overnight incubation. Immunoassays such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [40], although efficient, are expensive and are designed for only some bacterial species. A typical model is the analytical...
Table 1. Methods and scope of measuring the efficiency of VPPs—literature overview. 2.3. Avoided Costs When traditional methods of calculating the profitability of an investment cannot be used due to the lack of financial data, the avoided cost method may be applicable. This method is well-kn...
Although details of these theories were different, all of them invoked the following assumptions; (a) single-step first-order reaction in off-stoichiometric mixture, (b) constant transport coefficients, (c) asymptotically high activation temperature Θ, i.e. β=Θ/Tb→∞, (d) large-scale (...
Apart from the high-volume samplers and cascade impactors, certain studies use mini volume or low volume samplers with a flow rate of 5 LPM. These types of samplers are used in sites with very high concentrations of particles, where a study needs to collect particles continuously for a ...
Before use of the SLBs for measurements, 15 μl fresh HKS-M (20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 150 mM KCl, 1 mM MgCl2) was added to the gasket to account for the loss of volume due to evaporation. Unfused vesicles were washed away with HKS-M and then with reaction buffer (20 mM...
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a relatively simple technique that amplifies a DNA template to produce specific DNA fragments in vitro. Traditional methods of cloning a DNA sequence into a vector and replicating it in a living cell often require days or weeks of work, but amplification ...