60年代国际经济合作 ___，既有技术层面的原因又有制度层面的原因。
Rare earth metals are becoming increasingly important to the electronics industry and technological advancements. Elements such as lanthanum (La), Cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), and neodymium (Nd) are used in the manufacturing of electronics like smartphones, computer memory chips, cameras, and e...
"I would like to see more exploration and research to make sure we know what's there and what the challenges are of going after it," said Graedel. "I don't think we know if we'll have the resources to meet future demand." He also wants material scientists to aim their product desig...
000 tons of silver from the US Treasury to make wiring for the electromagnets in isotope-separating mass spectrometers. The wire, worth over a billion dollars at the time, was removed and returned after the war.
has shown that specific rare earth elements absorb light energy that can change their chemical behavior and make them easier to separate. Now, researchers have revealed how certain molecular structures can improve the efficiency of this light-driven chemistry to separate cerium, a rare earth element...
By tuning the number of metal-3 and poly-Si connection/straps, one can make a trade-off between performance and memory density. To evaluate the DRAM/eDRAM performance with the hybrid poly-WSM interconnect, we assume three baseline cases of 256-bit DRAM designs. In Figure 7a, pure poly is...
The high laser energy also forms a high temperature to make the surface of the molten pool locally vaporise to form a cavity, and the molten pool then forms a depression due to the recoil pressure. The vortex flow results in the rear wall being very unstable, making it prone to move ...
The Sankey diagram clearly shows that about half of it (1.47 + 0.22 kg CO2e) is related to refining. In contrast, the energy and resources required for machining only make a small contribution to the carbon footprint. In total, 70% (2.23 kg CO2e) are caused by recoverable material ...
Remanufacturing makes most sense from an environmental perspective for products at an advanced stage of technology development, where newer model products are unlikely to make significant gains in energy efficiency during the use phase [84]. Otherwise there is the risk that remanufacturing will only ...
To make it easier to manually charge these materials into the furnace, they were packed in subsets of 5 kg in paper bags. In total, 35 kg of dross and 25 kg of smelting salt were charged into the TBRC (mdross:msalt = 1.4:1). Generally, 50–100% of the scrap mass of salt were...