Action potential: A basic unit of cell signaling that involves a transient and rapid change in membrane potential. Although the time course and amplitude of this Vm change varies widely in cells, in many nerve and muscle cells Vm changes from about − 70 mV up to about + 20 mV before...
(4.26), which happens if the carrier is not saturated with solute so that as the solute concentration increases, the chemical potential gradient across the membrane is also increased. This increase of flux should reach a limit for a given feed concentration depending on the equilibrium to be ...
petroleum refinery effluent, and has been primarily focused on (1) investigation of dynamics of organic matter removal; (2) characterization of membrane fouling under real hazardous events; (3) evaluation of the effect of fouling on membrane lifetime; and (4) estimate the membrane lifetime. The...
Graphene possesses extraordinary properties that promise great potential in biomedicine. However, fully leveraging these properties requires close contact with the cell surface, raising the concern of unexpected biological consequences. Computational mod
was obtained through the equations displayed in Table1. The driving force for mass transfer is the species’ chemical potential gradient at both sides of the membrane that arises from the difference in the vapor pressures due to the temperature gradient. Several models have been proposed to describ...
Although the ultracentrifugation method has been widely used in the preparation of OMVs, there are still some deficiencies. The complex operative procedure and the cost of a lot of time are two main problems of this method. Meanwhile, the machine of the ultracentrifugation has potential risk when...
Given the potential detrimental effect of high salt on the functionality of the viral particles, we investigated the impact of the hypertonic environment on viral infectivity. Incubation of the eluted LVs in the high salt buffer for one hour on ice resulted in a significant reduction of ...
divergent evolution. In the case of FocA vs. Aquaporin, this protodomain analysis sheds new light on their potential divergent evolution at the protodomain level followed by duplication and parallel evolution of the two folds. GPCR domains, whose function does not seem to require symmetry, ...
(εR = 15, εRF = ∞); Lennard-Jones potential was shifted to zero at the cutoff. The stochastic velocity rescaling thermostat62with a time constant of 1 ps was used to maintain the temperature of the membrane (lipids and proteins) and the solvent separately at 300 K. Pressure was...
as virtually no unbound DNA origami was detected in solution, and its potential contribution to FCS curves was negligible, a one-component two-dimensional diffusion model56,57was used (equation2) to analyze the obtained correlation curves, as it was done in previous studies of membrane-bound DNA...