1992. The membership of political parties in European democracies, 1960-1990. European Journal of Political Research 22: 329-354.Katz, Richard, and Peter Mair (1992). "The Membership of Political Parties in European Democracies, 1960--90", European Journal of Political research , 22:3, 329-...
Due to the fact that European parties have a growing number of older members, some parties have institutionalised organisational substructures to give special representation to older people. An example of such a sub-organisation is the GermanSenioren-CDUthat was established in 1988. Other German pa...
1. (= members) [of club, society]→ socios mpl, miembros mpl; [of political party]→ miembros mpl, militancia f, afiliados mpl; [of trade union]→ afiliados mpl, miembros mpl 2. (= position) membership carries certain rights→ el ser socio or miembro conlleva ciertos derechosmembership...
This article draws on academic research to offer an overview of recent developments in political parties, but also seeks to pin-point the challenges they face and suggest ways of meeting them. The recent history of political parties in affluent Western democracies like the UK is characterised by ...
aMy first experience of listening a foreign language was with French 听的我的第一经验一种外语是以法语[translate] aThus, PLC proves themselves as a very versatile and effective tool in industrial control of electric drives. 因此, PLC在电驱动工业控制证明自己作为一个非常多才多艺和有效的工具。[tran...
We argue that political screening is a persistent feature and a survival strategy of all Communist parties and that the mechanisms of ensuring political screening are affected by the regime's agendas in different historical periods. Using data from surveys conducted in Shanghai and Tianjin in 1993,...
full membership,turkish membership,union membership,eventual membership,party membership v.+n. increase membership,membership apply,offer membership 英汉 英英 网络释义 n. 1. 会员[委员]的身份[地位,资格];会籍;会员人数;会员全体; 释义: 全部,会员[委员]的身份[地位,资格],会籍,会员人数,会员全体,成员,成...
Political Parties and Community Organising in an Era of Membership Declinedoi:http://dx.doi.org/will be provided by author.Gauja, AnikaSocial Science Electronic Publishing
Between-country differences in the process of joining were minor. There was little evidence that recruitment reflected the parties' ideologies or policies. 展开 关键词: East European Communist Parties, membership of political parties, political participation, cross-national differences, changes over time...
The answer to the first question has traditionally been obvious: grassroots members of political parties. The answer to the second no less so: delivering leaflets, putting up posters, holding meetings and canvassing voters, and then getting them to the polling stations. But what if all this no...