For example, we tested whether there is a significant difference in the level of anxiety (as measured with an appropriate standardized psychological test) between married and unmarried participants (i.e., variable marital status ). The effect was not statistically significant. However, when we ...
Mediation models are frequently used in the research of psychology and other social science disciplines. Mediation indicates that the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable is transmitted through a third variable, which is called mediator. In most applied research, Baron and Kenny'...
reserved.AbstractAmediatingvariableisintermediateinthecausalsequencerelatinganindependentvariabletoadependentvariable,suchthattheindependentvariablecausesthemediatingvariablethatcausesthedependentvariable.Theoreticalmediatingvariablesarecommon in the social and behavioral sciences and several examples are given in this ...
Baron RM, Kenny DA (1986) The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol 51(6):1173–1182 Article Google Scholar Bhattacharya N, Ecker F, Olsson PM, Schipper K (2012) Direct and mediated asso...
only the frequency of high unfair offers was used as a dependent variable in a hierarchical linear model (HLM)38. Initially, the intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficient was calculated. When the ICC is more than trivial (i.e., greater than 10% of the total variance in the outcome), a hi...
as a critical variable to predict behavior, is incorporated into multiple theories to understand human behavior, such as the TPB (Ajzen, 1991), the IAB27, and the ABC26. Specifically, TPB has become an ideal and powerful instrument to explain and predict behavior in the field of physical act...
Digital technology has already permeated the production and operations of organizations, with many incorporating it into employee performance evaluations. However, there remains a research gap in identifying effective approaches to achieving digital perf
Social innovation is dynamic and complex, and it is influenced by different factors from organization, society, and technology, as shown in Table2. Past research has discovered that social entrepreneurship, knowledge networks and corporate strategic orientation as organizational factors aid in the promot...
analysis merging its two last categories, resulting in one category of “more than 3 hours”. This was done because only 4 people belonged to the “More than 5 hours” category, otherwise the power would have been too low and the bootstrap unreliable. The reference category of the variable...