After point cloud data were classified, tree height was extracted from a canopy height model (CHM) on the basis of the individual tree segmentation. Through comparison with ground measurements, the tree height estimations of different flight heights and point cloud densities were analyzed. T...
All the beacons were placed on a tree with the developed bracket with a height of approximately 1.8 m from the ground near the corner of the field plot. Their relative locations were estimated in a fully automatic manner based on the distances measured between them and using the nonlinear ...
During these measurements the STM tip height varies by over ≈200 pm, while the branching ratio remains nearly constant over this range of heights. To further probe the molecular reaction, we performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the neutral ground state (neutral)...
DNS Abstraction and Terminology:DNS is a tree, where each node (‘label’) is connected via dots as delimiters (‘.’) to the root. The root is an empty label behind a single dot ‘.’, and a path in the DNS tree from a leaf to the root is a ‘Fully Qualified Domain Name’ (...
Ground-based light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is becoming increasingly popular as an alternative means to conventional forest inventory methods. By gauging the distances to multiple points on the surrounding object surfaces, LiDAR acquires 3D point clouds from which tree sizes and spatial distribution...
On the beyond-UAV scale airborne methods were used like airborne laser scanning [2] to gather carbon stock information from 3D-tree scans. Measuring traits from trees has been done since many years [92]. Traits like diameters at breast height (DBHs) have been used to predict yield at trees...
Combined with the Pointfinder, amazing indirect measurement options are provided. Hence, measurements are possible where no reflective target point is available e.g. when determining the height of a tree or when measuring the height of a reflecting glass facade. These could not be measured with ...
until deployment. Additionally, each funnel was fitted with a sterilized 10.16-cm diameter funnel screen (0.5 mm mesh) to keep large debris from falling into rainwater samples. Each funnel was attached to a straight metal post using plastic zip-ties at a ca. 1-m height above the ground. ...
The panoramic street images from July 2014, August 2018, June 2020, and August 2023, captured at 27 stations along Bursa Atatürk Street, are classified into distinct elements, including sky, building, pole, road, pavement, tree, sign and fence. This classification is accomplished using the Deep...
based on background knowledge and language skills for students of this age for the Dutch curriculum (Kuiken & Droge,2010), considering school location. These were counterbalanced in the pre- and posttests. For instance, an item from the original Positive Effects of Being in Space Questionnaire...