This article explores the use of a geometric-mean formula in calculating the Producer Price Index (PPI) research series. It discusses the advantages of this formula and compares the results with the official PPI series. The article also examines the use of geometric means in consumer...
In this paper, we avoid second order BSDEs and show, using a direct argument, that there exists an equilibrium with a threshold control that consists in choosing the maximal diffusion ratewhen the state is below a given threshold, and the minimal rateelse. The corresponding equilibrium distributi...
Given our percentage formula, for any given situation we can estimate the regression to the mean. All we need to know is the mean of the sample on the first measure the population mean on both measures, and the correlation between measures. Consider a simple example. Here, we’ll assume ...
If the model fails to detect an object present in the ground truth, it is termed as False Negative. Precision measures the percentage of correct predictions while the recall measures the correct predictions with respect to the ground truth. (1)Precision=TruePositiveTruePositive+FalsePositive=True...
By the same reason in Formula (15) we should save double sum in addition to a single sum. Using an asymptotic representation for these sums: ∑1𝑛(−∇𝑖𝑣𝑗Δ𝑡)=−∫𝑡𝑡+Δ∇𝑖𝑣𝑗(𝑥(𝑠),𝑠)𝑑𝑠=−∫𝑡𝑡+Δ(∇𝑖𝑣𝑗(𝜉,𝑡)+𝑑...
Formula (4.6), applied to journal citation data is proposed in Thelwall and Fairclough (2015) as an alternative for the standard journal impact factor, which is an arithmetic mean. In Subsection 6.7.3 we will show that when the geometric mean is used, the average and the global impact ...
Investors should note that U.S.government bonds, also known as Treasuries, are generally granted the highest possible credit quality rating. In the case of municipal and corporatebond funds, afund company'sliterature, such as its fund prospectus and independent investment research reports, reports ...
As it would be shown on a comparative income statement, what is the change in percentage for income before taxes? How can you determine the amount of taxes in advance? If I have $40,000 of pre-tax, what are the differences between $1,000 tax credit versus a $1,000 tax deduction for...
In the two-asset case, the optimizer is not really necessary; all that is required is to plot the risk and return for each portfolio composition. The actual output presented here is adapted from that of VisualMvo (the dotted portion of the curve, and the labeling of the percentage of ...
As in the previous case, the results indicate that there is an insignificant number of errors in the sample. The percentage of atypical observations is only the 5.37% of the samples, there being 245 samples which either have a much smaller or a much larger value on a given variable than ...