Shapes of cometary isophotes with Maxwellian distribution of initial velocities for neutral moleculesCometsComet C/1955 O1 HondaThis paper contains necessary modification of Bessel's equations for the axial cometary syndyne. This correction provides the accurate values of molecular acceleration in a com...
9.2 Maxwellian Distribution for Particles The frequency distribution of velocities f of particles is a function of time t, position r and instantaneous velocity c consistent with the Newton's law of motion: (9.1)f=f(t,r,c). The number of particles per unit volume n is (9.2)n= ∫f...
The meaning of MAXWELLIAN DISTRIBUTION is an expression based on the theory of probability for the fractional number of molecules in a gas that are in equilibrium at a given temperature and have a specified range of velocities.
The meaning of MAXWELLIAN DISTRIBUTION is an expression based on the theory of probability for the fractional number of molecules in a gas that are in equilibrium at a given temperature and have a specified range of velocities.
Systems of CNLS equations have been obtained in Ref. [52] for the description of interacting nonlinear wave envelopes and formation of rogue waves in deep water. A condition for rogue wave formation was intro- duced which relates the angle of interaction with the group velocities of these ...
must initialize both the velocities and the positions of the particles, thus fully determining the ICs of the model. In principle, the procedure decribed here can be applied to any density profile whose DF satisfies the minimum re- quirement for a model to be physical, that is, to ...
All plasma constituents are evolved by solving a set of coupled Fokker–Planck equations iteratively. As electrons easily reach high velocities, the relativistic collision operator for electron self-collisions has been implemented. Including a constant finite energy confinement time allows us to ...
This long timescale view has several novel effects: Fluctuating overall velocities (i.e. "wind") thermalizes into an additional component of temperature, while returning a Maxwellian velocity distribution. However, fluctuating temperature results in a new distribution with a Gaussian core but heavy ...
We focus attention on the rapid flows of identical, smooth, nearly elastic spheres and introduce a statistical description of the spheres' velocities. Based upon a velocity distribution function that contains improvements to the Maxwellian, we calculate the rate at which momentum and energy are ...
The dotted line represents the perpendicular distribution function, approximately Maxwellian. The solid line represents the distribution function parallel to the magnetic field. Two electron beams of opposite velocities are clearly visible: they are accelerated particles bouncing between two mirror points of...