It can be found by starting at the ending node of the trellis and tracing backwards, at each stage choosing the branch that was not discarded (ie, not crossed out); the resulting decision path is highlighted in Fig. 8.6H. The decision path in turn determines the decision message, since ...
This paper explores control methods for the Z-source inverter and their relationships of voltage boost versus modulation index. A maximum boost control is presented to produce the maximum voltage boost (or voltage gain) under a given modulation index. The control method, relationships of voltage gai...
The resulting error is used to adjust the modulation index of the inverter. The reference efficiency is average of uncontrolled system efficiencies at different wind speeds. The scheme is based on the generator's output voltages and currents information to calculate the actual efficiency. A dynamic ...
While this type of analysis does not include any error calculation, our results suggest that daf-2 mutants increased healthspan more than twofold compared with wild-type and daf-16 mutants (Fig. 2f), and the resulting normalized healthspan-to- gerospan ratios were similar among the three ...
MSCT scanner geometry can affect radiation dose in two competing ways. First, the thin septa between detector elements along thezaxis absorb radiation, resulting in up to a 4.5% loss of efficiency for many scanners [69]. On the other hand, with MSCT, more of the X-ray beam is used for...
The main shortcoming of this is its inability to control the modules according to variable and different illumination levels, resulting in lower power generation, as the series connection forces an equal terminal current throughout a string. A new approach considers the use of small power converters...
then compared with the conventional correlation-based estimator in usual LTE conditions. These conditions are characterized by the extended typical urban (ETU) multipath channel model, additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and LTE signal bandwidths equal to 1.4, 5 and 10 MHz. The resulting time-...
The resulting shock wave causes the secondary charge explosive to go high order. Depending on the main charge explosive and it’s detonation charecteristics a third or fourth charge may be used for the likes of “explosive lensing”. In the US this is called an explosive train in the UK...
There is no matrix lifting and global searching for optimization, resulting in faster convergence and less computational requirement. To demonstrate the effectiveness of TPWFP, we test it against the aforementioned algorithms on both simulated data and real data captured using a laser-illuminated FPM ...
In the early Holocene an open landscape with a relatively high level of water in the lake preceded the progressive expansion of Cerrado species towards a denser forested landscape; fires are recorded from then on, resulting in the physiognomy of the Cerrado we know today. Late Pleistocene ...