Greenland ice core records exhibited 100-fold higher dust concentrations during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) than during the Holocene, and dust input temporal variability corresponded to different climate states in the LGM. While East Asian deserts, th
Spintronic devices aim to exploit the spin quantum number of an electron rather than the charge1. Their operational principles are underpinned by a reversible external stimulus to which electrons of opposing spin species respond oppositely2. In non-magnetic systems the task of finding such stimuli is...
Area: refers to the total heat transfer area of the heat exchanger NShell: represents the number of shells in the heat exchanger 2.4.2. Operation cost The operation cost is a time-dependent cost that represents the energy cost to run the equipment. For the ASPEN Energy Analyzer, the operati...
maxSUV, Maximum standardized uptake value; PET, positron emission tomography; CT, computed tomography; N, number of lymph nodes. ∗ P value for Mann–Whitney test. The true-positive group was used as a reference standard. When we examined the ratios of the maxSUVs in the lymph nodes comp...
model used4. Such variability in model-based forecasts stems from differences in parametrization, model approaches, and future emission scenarios6,7, but is also attributable to the inherent complexities of internal climate variability. At present, these factors limit the accuracy of future projections...
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A simple approach in this case is to use an isotropic seasonal model, which changes monthly according to climatological conditions and calculated by the formula found at [38]. We have used this model for cities with latitudes higher than 50°, aiming to reduce the error introduced by snow ...
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Jaynes was able to re-derive a great number of known results from equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics from this single procedure. In Section 3.1. I argue that if we want to make predictions about a system at time t1 (in the future), but we only have knowledge of the system at...