Slope Calculator: Convert Between Degrees, Gradient, and Grade Convert slopes pitch between degrees, gradients and grades. Soil and Rock - Bulk Factors Soil and rock expansion - or swell - after mining. Stockpile Volumes Volume of natural stockpiles - cubic feet, yard, metre and decimetre. ...
In complete contrast, stress concentrations of the types mentioned above are relatively inconsequential to the strength of heterogeneous brittle materials such as cast iron because of the high incidence of "natural" internal stress raisers within even the un-notched material, e.g. internal material fl...
The maximum shear modulus (G_(max)) of soils is a fundamental input parameter in the nonlinear dynamic analyses of soil structures. This paper focuses on the G_(max) of natural pumiceous soils, which originated from a series of volcanic eruptions centred in the Taupo and Rotorua regions of...
Soil depths and geology were also assessed in each of the eight experiments. With a depth of 120-150 cm the soils are deep in all experiments. Humic soils on granite are encountered in the MacMac and Nelshoogte experiments, sandy soils in Dukuduku and Kwambonambi and red apedal dystrophic...
Impact forceCoefficient of restitution (COR)Rockfalls, which are a common natural hazard, collide and continuously bounce along slope surfaces during their movement; the coefficient of restitution (COR) and impact force are two important characteristic parameters related to the impact process of a ...
Additionally, Bond-Lamberty and Thomson2 have demonstrated the vital importance of tem- perature anomaly in determining the amplitude of soil respiration. These indicate that soil temperature is a more flexible biophysical factor and can reflect the changeable characteristics of natural circumstance. ...
ALTmax. While ALTmaxwill not be reached every thaw season (Supplementary Note1), it is the infrequent, warmer-than-normal summers that can reanimate and mix with pore ice that froze at intermediate thaw depths (<ALTmax) during prior, cooler summers. Thus, natural averaging of multi-year ...
If you are concerned that the exhaust fan flapper that should close to prevent back-drafts of outdoor air into the building could malfunction and admit leaking gas from an LP or natural gas pipe or from the gas vent found at an outdoor natural gas meter, if you match the TEN FOOT clear...
Abstract More accurate and reliable estimation of residual strength friction angle (ϕr) of clay is crucial in many geotechnical engineering applications, including riverbank stability analysis, design, and assessment of earthen dam slope stabilities. However, a general predictive equation forϕr, wit...
Considering the ones used in wildfire risk mapping, elevation, slope, aspect, vegetation type, temperature and distance to roads are the most frequently used (Table 1). Variables such as tree cover density distance to rivers and water sources, probability of soil wetness, and solar radiation are...