Table 3. The equilibrium atomic distances between graphene and different metal substrates. TypesSubstrateEquilibrium atomic distances (nm) Physisorbed metals Cu 0.32–0.33 Al 0.34 Ag 0.33 Au 0.33 Chemisorbed metals Ni 0.20–0.32 Ti 0.21 Re 0.21 Co 0.20–0.32 In the following sections, we will disc...