they meanmotherlyandfatherly, as in phrases likematernal/paternal instincts. But they can also be used more narrowly to distinguish relations involving a mother or a father, such as in terms likematernal/paternal grandmother. In some cases, the gender-neutral...
There are different words for paternal grandmother(nainai)and maternal grandmother(waipo)in Chinese,but in English the word “grandmother” is generally used in both cases,which suggests that SSS. A. equal importance is given to maternal and paternal grandparents in China B. equal importance is ...
Paternal is a word that has many meanings, but there is a common thread of relating to the father that is running through all these meanings. The word is to father what maternal is to mother and pertains to all things or traits that are considered fatherly. We have paternal relatives and ...
Maternal grandmother presence increased the likelihood of focal grandchild survival, regardless of whether grandmothers had grandchildren only through daughters, sons, or both. In contrast, paternal grandmother presence was not associated with descendants’ fertility or survival. We discuss these results in...
(2003) who indirectly documented this association by including mater- nal age at birth in a model predicting the childcare help received from the mater- nal grandmother. The results showed that, on average, younger mothers were more likely to receive childcare help from the grandparents. The ...
9, 10 For instance, the paternal grandfather's nutrition in Överkalix Sweden, was linked to the mortality risk ratio of grandsons, while the paternal grandmother’s nutrition was linked to the mortality risk ratio of the granddaughters.10 Another example is the effect of famine during grand...
M = mother; MGM = maternal grandmother; − = did not smoke during pregnancy; PGM = paternal grandmother; + = smoked during pregnancy. a No. indicates the proportion of children who were given the diagnosis of asthma. Model I adjusts for family history of asthma; Model II additionally ...
Grandmother 5 (29) 2 (8) 2 (9) Stepfather 0 1 (4) 2 (9) Non-family caregivers (nanny) 2 (12) 0 0 Age (years) – mean (SD; min–max) 41 (±14.4; 17–78) 39 (±7.8; 27–62) 38 (±9.5; 26–62) Education Years of study – mean (SD; min–max) 7 (±3.1; 1–11...
The newborns may carry maternal cells 20–30 years older than their own age and even 40–50 years old cells of grandmother origin (Fig. 10.1). Maternal-fetal transgenerational microchimerism. Bidirectional transfer of cells occurs in the 2nd and 3rd trimester of the pregnancy. The fetal cells ...
Paternal Relating to or characteristic of or befitting a parent; Parental guidance Maternal Related on the mother's side; My maternal grandmother Paternal Related on the father's side; A paternal aunt Maternal Caring in a motherly way. The teacher's Maternal approach comforted the students. Common...