The causes of cancer were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O-2 or -3) or the International Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10). Breast cancer was defined as code C50, and the first primary cancer was ...
Case-patient participants were women aged 20–49 years who were diagnosed with a first primary invasive breast cancer (ICD-O codes: C50.0–C50.9) between February 1998 and May 2003 (n = 1794; 1585 white and 209 African-American women). Control participants were women ages 20–49 years...
A positive association between body mass index (BMI) and breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women has been reported, and a weak inverse association has been suggested among premenopausal women from studies in the Western population. The effects of BMI on breast cancer have remained unclear ...
Defining menopausal status in epidemiologic studies: a comparison of multiple approaches and their effects on breast cancer rates. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.04.015. Textor J, Hardt J. DAGitty: a graphical tool for analyzing causal diagrams. Epidemiology. 2011;22:745. ...
Fifth, we did not have data on factors in the possible causal path between obesity and cancer, such as specific reproductive variables (e.g., parity, breastfeeding history), physical activity, and diet. Neither did we have information on cancer subtype or stage at diagnosis, which could have...
A cyst is a fluid-filled sac. In most cases a cyst on the ovary does no harm and goes away by itself. Most women have them sometime during their lives. Cysts are rarely cancerous in women under 50. Cysts sometimes hurt - but not always. Often, a woman finds out about a cyst when...
(an indicator considering degree and duration of overweight/obesity) to a BMI ≥ 25 or ≥30 kg/m2, which have been positively associated with risk of cancers of the colorectum, postmenopausal breast, endometrium, kidney, pancreas, and multiple myeloma6,7,8,9,10. Studies investigating ...
Smoking has been shown to decrease the risk of oestrogen-dependant tumours like endometrial and postmenopausal breast cancer. The finding that parous women also have a higher risk of schwannoma (Schoemaker et al, 2007) and the fact that schwannomas may express hormone receptors (Siglock et al, ...
S. et al. Dynamic reprogramming of the kinome in response to targeted MEK inhibition in triple-negative breast cancer. Cell 149, 307–321 (2012). Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Montagut, C. et al. Elevated CRAF as a potential mechanism of acquired resistance to BRAF ...
Nutr J 10: 137. Kort EJ, Sevensma E, Fitzgerald TL (2009) Trends in esophageal cancer and body mass index by race and gender in the state of Michigan. BMC Gastroenterol 9: 47. Kruk J (2014) Overweight, obesity, oxidative stress and the risk of breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer ...