We see significant production of atomic products subsequently ionized when the two-photonresonant state has a long bond length but we see only HCl + when the resonant state is of Rydberg origin (and hence has a short bond length). The state at 82780 cm 1, assigned as the E 1Σ +(ν ...
What is an H II region? A. A region of hot, ionized hydrogen around one or more O and B stars. B. A region of molecular hydrogen inside a giant molecular cloud. C. A region of neutral, atomic hydrogen in interstellar space. D. A region of gas and dust for ...
If we assume that ionized hydrogen is the only source of free electrons, implying that ne=nH+, and that the temperature and density remain roughly constant during the period that we are considering, then we can easily solve for the time evolution of the electron abundance: (55)xe=xe,01+...
R. et al. Gravity modes as a way to distinguish between hydrogen- and helium-burning red giant stars. Nature 471, 608–611 (2011). Article ADS Google Scholar Brown, T. M. et al. Detection of possible p-mode oscillations on Procyon. Astrophys. J. 368, 599–609 (1991). Article ADS...
Charge-exchange reactions between a fully ionized stellar wind and the partially ionized warm gas in the interstellar medium create a compressed region of hot neutral hydrogen atoms that are decelerated relative to the inflowing interstellar gas. This “hydrogen wall” produces a blue-shifted absorpti...
Atmospheric hydrodynamic escape sculpts the population of low-mass close-in planets. However, distinguishing between the driving mechanisms responsible for the hydrodynamic escape of hydrogen-rich atmospheres is a complex task due to the involvement of many physical factors. Using simulations, I show th...
Charge-exchange reactions between a fully ionized stellar wind and the partially ionized warm gas in the interstellar medium create a compressed region of hot neutral hydrogen atoms that are decelerated relative to the inflowing interstellar gas. This "hydrogen wall" produces a blue-shifted absorption...
Peptides and proteins ionized by ESI under acidic conditions acquire multiple charges, z being roughly proportional to m, with m/z in the range 500–1500. In practice a distribution of charges gives multiple peaks in the mass spectrum, the spacing of which allows z to be calculated. The ...
Here we show that as soon as the primordial gas--left over from the Big Bang--is enriched by elements ejected from supernovae to a carbon or oxygen abundance as small as approximately 0.01-0.1 per cent of that found in the Sun, cooling by singly ionized carbon or neutral oxygen can ...
ionized gas at low pressures, the ohmic heating process, and under these conditions the interaction between the current and the self-generated magnetic field around the plasma axis, the Bθ field, produces a compressive force towards the plasma axis and some degree of magnetic field containment. ...