Austenite and martensite in nitrogen-, carbon- and hydrogen-containing iron alloys: similarities and difference. Mater Sci Eng A. 2006;438-440:75-9.Gavriljuk, V.G. Austenite and martensite in nitrogen-, carbon- and hydrogen-containing iron alloys: Similarities and differences. Mater. Sci. Eng...
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Thus, the evolution of transformation strains is unique for the austenite-to-bainite phase transformation, and hence, must be considered within the models. The current work was undertaken with the purpose of showing the necessity of a theory specific to the austenite-to-bainite transformation, ...
In other words, a compressive residual stress is introduced by the TRIP effect in the vicinity of crack tip to further resist crack propagation [25], caused by the lattice-parameter difference between martensite and austenite. Moreover, TRIP effect is conducive to delay the onset of necking and...
The reverse transformation of martensite resulting from small, medium and large degrees of deformation is studied. Austenite is only recrystallized after the end of the alpha yields gamma transition during heating at rates of not less than 25 degree /sec in steels after medium degrees of reduction...
Quenching and Martensite 30 related questions found What factors affect the strength and hardness of martensite? Carbon atoms segregated in the structure, prior austenite grain size, dislocation density, different precipitates, and retained austenite together contribute to the superior strength and hardness...
During heating, as in tempering, the retained austenite may form pearlite but will NOT form martensite. Martensite formation is diffusionless and shear-dominated, and therefore some combination of quenching and/or deformation is needed. In short, it is not possible to 'heat' a phase and convert...
They presented a criterion to determine if a material can experience athermal transformation which is based on the Gibbs free energy difference between ferrite and austenite. Somani et al. refined this criterion by adding the influence of more alloying elements on the free energy difference [12]....
The difference is accounted for by the terms listed in Table 3. Sign in to download full-size image Figure 7. The free energy curves for ferrite (α), martensite (α′) and austenite (γ) as a function of the carbon concentration. The driving forces for transformation to ferrite or ...