et al. Ocean and Coastal Ecosystems and their Services. In: Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (Cambridge University Press, 2022). This IPCC report synthesizes...
Fig. 2: Orchard plots showing mean of main effect size, confidence interval (CIs, bold line), and individual effect size with precision (1/SE) for ocean acidification (green), ocean warming (blue), and their combined effects (red) on marine trophic levels. Mean effect size and 95% confid...
it means that there will be a strong current, for example, in a north-south direction. Such processes can be related to significant changes in grain size along the beach, which represent coarsening in the direction of net wave-driven transport (McCave, 1978), i.e. a morpho sedimentary ele...
CBD was later followed by the enactment of the Jakarta Mandate in 1995 that directed all member states to develop an action plan for implementing CBD for marine and coastal biodiversity and to ensure that coastal and marine living resources will be used sustainably. The mandate includes ...
Of the remaining species considered in this study, four species (the Pacific saury, jack mackerel, Pacific hake, and small yellow croaker) prefer subtropical or warm temperate water (Figure 1B). The Pacific saury is a short-lived species typically found in shallow coastal water when young, ...
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental pollutants ubiquitously distributed. They are generated by incomplete combustion of organic materials such as wood or fossil fuels. Due to their carcinogenic, mutagenic effects and to their wide d
these have been largely removed by fishing, so the effect of any nutrient-rich pollutants entering the system is increased. In a healthy system, coastal wetlands also act as filters, so their destruction causes even more pollution. These processes have been fairly well understood for a number of...
with the stability of the global environment and function to accommodate all kinds of dirt purification All rivers flow to the sea. function, but in the past 50 years, the ocean these two functions are subjected to the damage, if the ocean due to pollution and loss of vitality, humans will...
and processes to determine: the processes in the mixed layer temperature budget (RHS of Equation1) important for MHW formation; climatological systems and their configurations (e.g. high/low pressure systems, jet stream location), and teleconnection processes (e.g. atmospheric or oceanic Kelvin ...
the global open and coastal24ocean, where their globally–averaged frequency and duration have increased over time due to continued global warming3,4,23,25,26. The magnitudes of ongoing middle and low–latitudes events are expected to continue rising under anthropogenic climate change3. ...