MangrovesDestruction of fish nurseries; erosion by sea EstuariesLoss of habitat; loss of species Primary mixed forestChanges of habitats; grassland areas split forest into Primary dipterocarp forest increased'islands' too small for maintenance of some species; ...
21 Additionality was calculated as a function of the amount of mangrove forest loss per year (based on baseline trends11) and total mangrove forest carbon stocks across three carbon pools—above- and below-ground carbon and soil organic carbon.9,12 We also consider other criteria for ...
Mangrove soils represent a large sink for otherwise rapidly recycled carbon (C). However, widespread deforestation threatens the preservation of this important C stock. It is therefore imperative that global patterns in mangrove soil C stocks and their susceptibility to remineralization are understood. ...
India Sri Lanka Malaysia Matang Nicobar panarchy resilience transformability vulnerability Abbreviations AC adaptive cycle MMFR Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve NTFP non-timber forest product SES social-ecological system SES-ECO Related ecosystems SES-I Interaction SES-GS Sensu ostrom-Governance system SES-O ...
However, they are under threat from urbanization, logging, oil pollution, and the proliferation of the invasive Nipa Palm (Nypa fruticans). However, there are no reliable data on the current extent of mangrove forest in the Niger Delta, its rate of loss, or the rate of colonization by the...
It was applied to predict the long-term mangrove maps in Wunbaik Mangrove Forest (WMF) and to detect the changes at five-year intervals. The change detection results revealed significant changes in the mangrove forests, with 29.3% deforestation, 5.75% reforestation, and −224.52 ha/yr of ...
(L) National-level mapping of India’s mangrove forests from 1987 to 2017, Forest Survey of India (2017) [55] The Forest Survey of India (FSI) has been using remote sensing techniques to map the country’s forest extent (including mangroves) since 1987, on a two-year cycle. The first...
Policy Number 4 of the National Forest Policy (1999) has been used to develop an integrated coastal area management (ICAM) programme with the specific aim of conserving and sustainably managing Zanzibar's mangrove resources. One example is the Menai Bay Mangrove Management Plan [74], which was ...
It is also evident that mangroves face several threats, which have already led to the gradual depletion of mangrove areas worldwide. Based on the analysis of current and related historical literature and data, this review summarises mangrove functions and the threats and challenges associated with ...
Worldwide forest governance has adopted participatory approaches in the belief that this strategy would lead to environmental sustainability while also accounting for social concerns [4,5,7,8]. Previous studies concluded that long-standing strict and exclusionary conservation caused pressure on local commu...