Histologic observations of the reproductive system and mammary glands are presented from female dogs treated with idoxifene for up to 12 months. METHODS: Studies were conducted as part of regulatory requirements to support clinical development. Idoxifene was given orally by capsule, once daily, for 1...
Any of the milk-producing glands in female mammals, consisting of lobes containing clusters of alveoli with a system of ducts to convey the milk to an external nipple or teat. These glands typically occur in pairs and begin secreting milk when young are born. ...
Sweat Glands Sweat glands, while being unique to mammals, aren't present in all mammals. For example, the whale has no sweat glands, but doesn't need them because it lives in the ocean. Temperature Regulation While most mammals are warm-blooded, not all are able to regulate their temperatu...
Mcam (also known as CD146) is a melanoma cell adhesion molecule, originally identified as a tumor marker for melanoma9. However, recent evidences indicates that Mcam is not only an adhesion molecule but also actively involved in a variety of biological processes, such as development, cell migrat...
In rodents, the assessment of drug-induced changes in the mammary glands is complicated by species differences in hormonal regulation of mammary gland development and function, perhaps compounded by the artificial physiological state of overfed laboratory animals. The development and function of the ...
pieces of mammary tissue survive autotransplantation and show histological signs of normal growth and function, there have been no reports of the transplantation of whole glands nor of the quantitative measurements of growth and lactation of denervated tissue that are possible with the present methods...
—, Eigel WN, Keenan TW (1978) Lactose and major milk proteins are present in secretory vesicle-rich fractions from lactating mammary gland. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 5020–5024 Google Scholar Sekhi KK, Pitelka DR, De Ome KB (1967) Studies of mouse mammary glands. I. Cytomorphology ...
Mammary gland development in humans and mice takes place predominantly after birth. Structurally, mammary glands are constructed of ducts and lobules lined by hierarchical cells that range from stem cells to progenitors to terminally differentiated cells.4 Mammary stem cells (MaSCs), located at the ...
Previous studies have observed that macrophages and neutrophils are present in breast milk [Wirt 1992]. Breast milk leukocytes not only protect the infant but also protect the mother from infection during lactation. Conditions such as trauma, inadequate emptying of the breast, and ductal blockage can...
In most studies in rodents, humans, and cattle, 40–50% of the SCC recovered in colostrum from healthy glands are monocyte/macrophages (Table 3; Figure 3). As many as two thirds of the mononuclear cells in human colostrum and in secretions from the dry bovine MG are monocytes (Concha et...