No audience effect was found in treatments (3) and (5), but a weak effect was also observed when the focal male had seen the previously preferred female sexually interact with a rival male (treatment 4; specific sperm competition risk). Conclusion When comparing the two 'non-specific sperm ...
Audience treatments included dummies of male and female B. splendens , a dummy cichlid, and a control condition with no audience present. The presence of a dummy audience did not influence male鈥搈ale interactions. However, males spent the most time near the audience tank when the audience was...
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