Major depressive disorder (MDD) (also known as recurrent depressive disorder, clinical depression, major depression, unipolar depression, or unipolar disorder) is a mental disorder characterized by an all-encompassing low mood accompanied by low self-esteem, and by loss of interest or pleasure in ...
[3] Episodes may be isolated or recurrent and are categorized as mild (few symptoms in excess of minimum criteria), moderate, or severe (marked impact on social or occupational functioning). An episode with psychotic features—commonly referred to as psychotic depression—is automatically rated as...
4 Depression can be accompanied by recurrent seizures, which may occur even during remission or persist for longer than the disease itself.5 Pharmacological therapies for MDD can effectively control symptoms; thus, patients may experience recurrence within a short time after discontinuing medication.6 ...
in patients with moderate-severe depression compared with healthy subjects; thus, CX3CL1 could be used as a target for depression treatment.186Patients diagnosed with MDD with comorbid cocaine addiction show higher serum levels of CX3CL1.187Additionally, in a rat early-life social isolation (ESI)...
24 Depression severity was calculated using scores from the BDI-II.21 The cutoff score ranges are as follows: 0 to 13, minimal; 14 to 19, mild; 20 to 28, moderate; and 29 to 63, severe. Minimal scores were not observed because the study included only individuals with a current ...
Altered functional connectivity in first-episode and recurrent depression: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Front Neurol. 2022;13:922207. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Zheng Y, Chen X, Li D, Liu Y, Tan X, Liang Y, Zhang H, Qiu S, Shen D. ...
The structural equation modeling analysis showed that knowledge, but not attitude (β = 0.103, P = 0.092) or practice (β = 0.034, P = 0.603), influenced the depression level (β=-0.074, P < 0.001); attitude influenced practice (β = 0.369, P < 0.001)...
depression is a recurrent illness: up to 85% of cases in specialized mental health care and in primary care will experience recurrence; in the general population the rate is lower, but still high: up to 35% [131]. Despite its importance, understanding the factors that contribute to recurrence...
35 Moreover, compared to previous trials,33,34 here we had more participants with recurrent depression and longer depressive episodes, which have been associated with greater treatment resistance.36 In this regard, tDCS has indeed displayed lower antidepressant effects in more treatment...
Major depression is associated with altered static functional connectivity in various brain networks, particularly the default mode network (DMN). Dynamic functional connectivity is a novel tool with little application in affective disorders to date, and holds the potential to unravel fluctuations in conn...