Organismal communities are constantly changing in their species composition, and neither animal nor plant traits by themselves are sufficient to infer entire ancient biomes. The plant fossil record, however, unambiguously rejects the existence of a cohesive savannah biome from eastern Asia to northeast ...
biomes are called boreal forests, or taiga (TY-guh). Winters are bitterly cold, but summers are mild and long enough to allow the ground to thaw. The word boreal comes from the Greek word for "north," reflecting the fact that boreal forests occur mostly in the Northern Hemisphere. 10 ...
. These represent the major sub-Saharan African biomes, with savanna—the most extensive biome—treated as two biomes differentiated by distinct vegetation types. This delineation ensured that only plants present in each biome were considered in the estimation process and in any subsequent data aggrega...
IV were prevalent in colder, mesotrophic waters; clades II, III and X dominated in the warm, oligotrophic open ocean; clades CRD1 and CRD2 were restricted to sites with low iron availability; and clades XV and XVI were only found in transitional waters at the edges of the other biomes. ...