It was subsequently realized that many 1D systems have universal low-energy behaviour and can be described by the paradigmatic Tomonaga-Luttinger-Liquid (TLL) the- ory7–9. This opened up the field of one-dimensional physics, which has remained a large subfield of condensed-matter physics ever ...
:PPT of Condensed matter physics for undergraduate students including superconductivity and magnetism.Je Huan Koo