The magnetic induction, B, field intensity, H, and magnetization, M, are related by the equation: (13.1)B=μ0(H+M) where μ0 is the permeability of free space and has the value of 4π×10−7 N A−2. In a vacuum, M=0, and M is extremely low in air and water, such ...
the refs.30,31,32introduced synchrotron intensity gradient (SIG) as a way to map the magnetic fields. The fast turbulent reconnection in MHD turbulence leads to the mixing of magnetized plasma perpendicular to the direction of the local magnetic field. This results in anisotropic structures of tur...
Magnetic field effects on electrocatalysis have recently gained attention due to the substantial enhancement of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on ferromagnetic catalysts. When detecting an enhanced catalytic activity, the effect of magnetic fields on mass transport must be assessed. In this study,...
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At the most primitive level we would expect that the proximity of the interstellar magnetic field and cosmic rays means an increase in cosmic rays at the orbit of Earth (cf. [32]). Presumably the anomalous cosmic ray intensity would be enhanced approximately in proportion to the increase of ...
equation (Berger1984; Berger and Field1984) and we suggest that the rotational flows in 3D reconnection are a signature of the helicity production or decay. An exception occurs for 2D reconnection, however, because a magnetic field and its motion lying on a 2D plane makes an electric field ...
field. This electric field plays a crucial role in the removal of the planetary atmosphere from an unmagnetized planet. The ultraviolet radiations coming from the sun ionizes the upper atmosphere of the planet creating an ionosphere. The ionosphere hinders the solar wind when the thermal pressure...
{x}^{2}-{y}^{2}}\)state is the result of the oxygen de-intercalation process used to convertRNiO3toRNiO2, thereby reorganizing the electronic states from that of an octahedral crystal field to a square-planar geometry. The half-filled Ni-\({d}_{{x}^{2}-{y}^{2}}\)band ...
39, studied the effects of entropy generation through the laminar flow past a flat plate in a magnetic field. They noticed that the magnetic field intensity leads to an increased entropy generation rate. We can readily review from the literature as mentioned earlier that Rehan et al.26 examined...
Ginzburg-Landau equationapplied magnetic fieldsymmetric vorticesGinzburg-Landau modelsuperconductivitycylinderThe purpose of this work is a systematic study of symmetric vortices for the Ginzburg–Landau model of superconductivity along a cylinder, with applied magnetic field parallel to its axis. The ...