We consider fermionic ground states of the Landau Hamiltonian, H-B, in a constant magnetic field of strength B>0 in R-2 at some fixed Fermi energy mu>0, described by the Fermi projection P-B:=1(H-B <=mu). For some fixed bounded domain Lambda subset of R-2 with boundary set ...
Permeance coefficient Pc is used to express the operating point of the magnet on the B-H curve. This value is defined as the ratio of magnetic flux density Bd and magnetic field strength Hd at the operating point and expressed by the following formula (see the figure above): 1-4-a. Per...
is due only to induction by the variable magnetic field, and the order of magnitude of E inside the body can be obtained by estimating the terms in the equation curl E = − (1/c)∂B/∂t, whence E/l ∼ ωH/c or E ∼ (ωl/c)H, where l is the dimension of the body...
Among the previously mentioned five independent control strategies, the torque-based actuation method under a homogeneous magnetic field depends on the individual microrobots having different physical properties (e.g., variations in materials, geometry, or dimension). The propelling force generated by the...
element method (FEM); meanwhile, mass computer resource and time for parametric design or optimization are wasted in three dimension (3-D) FEM, a concise and efficient 3-D analytical approach is put forward for the calculation of the air-gap magnetic field and torque of coaxial magnetic gears...
As the system modelled is a magnetostatic system, the finite element modeling approach is known to fully reproduce the field created by experimental setups. Therefore a pure modeling is justified. Figure 1 The bearing geometry considered. The stator, shown in green, and the rotor, shown in ...
Electromagnetic phenomena in QCD is an age-old subject that has been studied using perturbative QCD, effective field theory [20] and lattice QCD [21]; see [22] for a review. These studies revealed interesting phenomena, such as the aforementioned chiral magnetic effect, inverse magnetic catalysis...
Reversal of a fluid flow upon parameter changes or perturbation is closely related to intriguing phenomena such as geomagnetic reversal, a drastic change in a planet's magnetic field where the positions of magnetic north and south are interchanged1. Typically, for a planet there is dynamo action...
Using this formula, we can calculate the field strength at any point in free space around this theoretical magnet, where the point's location is defined with a distance from the magnet's center,r, and an angle from the vertical magnetization direction,?. Assume the magnetization direction is ...
(no magnetic field) defined in ( 2.14 ) ( 2.11 ), and denote by \(\sigma (h^d)\) its spectrum. let \(\sigma _p^\phi \) be the collection of eigenvalues of \(h^b.\) then we have the following description of the topological structure and point/continuous decomposition of the ...