Heliumis the second element of the periodic table and thus is an atom with two protons in the nucleus. Most Helium atoms have two neutrons in addition to the protons. In its neutral state, Helium has two electrons in orbit about the nucleus. Model of a helium atom's nucleus with two pr...
In a lecture to the Royal Society in June 1808, Davy described how the magnesium he obtained was not pure because of difficulties in removing the mercury entirely from the magnesium. He was, however, able to observe that in air the metal turned into a white powder, gaining weight as it r...
Different radiation qualities, such as protons of different energies, neutrons and alpha particles, have been used for samples irradiation. Thermoluminescent sensitivity to ionizing radiation, dose-response characteristics and relative thermoluminescence efficiency have been evaluated for all radiation qualities...