Melt viscosity is likely to have a significant influence on how the magma ocean solidified10,30. Therefore, a better constraint on the viscosity of the magma ocean is crucial for understanding present-day mantle heterogeneity. Here, we estimate the viscosity of basaltic melt using first-principles...
In contrast, magma is unseen. Any rock underground that is fully or partially melted qualifies as magma. We know it exists because everyigneous rock typesolidified from a molten state: granite, peridotite, basalt, obsidian and all the rest. How Magma Melts Geologists call the whole process of ...
with quenched magma at the dyke contact produced when the dyke first formed and when the largest temperature difference between the host rock and magma existed. The magma that has solidified at the dyke margin is therefore interpreted as a record of the first magma topropagate in the dyke. Cry...
Within many central volcanoes, cone-sheet and dyke intrusions represent the main channels of magma trans- port from magma reservoirs to the Earth's surface. To fully capitalise on the information contained in solidified sheet intrusions, which can improve risk assessment in volcanically active areas...
"The magma chamber of a supervolcano does not resemble a pot of soup that can boil over at any time and at the slightest provocation," Bachmann explains. Similarly, he says it is wrong to assume that the magma has cooled down to form a completely solidified body, as reactivating a body ...
If the liquid magma has a high viscosity, the gas is not able to expand very easily, pressure is increasing inside of bubbles, and they burst explosively fragmenting a liquid magma into clots. The solidified clots become bombs or volcanic ash. Development of these processes, as was proved, ...
a lunar magma ocean formed. Lighter rocks rose while heavier materials sank. Over the course of 200 million years the molten rock solidified into the rock surface seen today. However, the story is not so simple—as revealed by minerals in a sample taken by a rover from India's Chandrayaan...
Platinum-group element (PGE) deposits in the Bushveld Complex and other layered intrusions form when large, incompletely solidified magma chambers undergo central subsidence in response to crustal loading, resulting in slumping of semi-consolidated cumulate slurries to the centres of the intrusions and ...
This may indicate that these zircons were dissolving (rather than growing) before the eruption or was shielded from the melt by storage in a solidified part of the intrusive complex, or a phenocryst as an inclusion. To interpret this result further, we extracted all zircon crystals by HF ...
A first hypothesis might be that the trachybasalt was already present at depth as a solidified magma body and was crosscut by the ascending trachytic magma. At this stage, trachybasaltic fragments were incorporated into the trachytic melt and transported towards the surface. When the molten ...