Similar to the M1 story, M2 is to macrophages as Th2 is to lymphocytes; Th2 cells can produce high levels of IL-4, IL-13 and sometimes IL-10. While all three cytokines can induce M2 activation in macrophages, there are distinct differences in the resultant phenotypes, so we will concern...
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Supplementary Figure 5. Inflammation-dependent alternative (IDA) macrophages show a unique signature compared to M2 and M1 macrophages Suppl Fig 4d, 5b:对来源于Smillie et al、Martin et al和本研究的scRNA-seq进行轨迹分析,发现M0和M2簇的伪时状态是不同的。在我们的数据中,表达M2标记的M2.2簇接近M0,...
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M1 macrophages, which are often stimulated by interferonγ (INFγ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), primarily secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) to enhance the inflammatory response [14], [15]. However, M2 macrophages, ...
Conditioned medium induced by IL-6, but neither estrogen nor progestin, could facilitate M2 polarization. Neutralization of IL-6 diminished macrophage M2 polarization in endometriosis. Conclusion . This study provides detailed evidence supporting alterations in M1 to M2 macrophage polarization that may ...
M2 Kupffer cells promote M1 Kupffer cell apoptosis: a protective mechanism against alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2014;59:130–42. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.26607. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Duffield JS, et al. Selective depletion of macrophages reveals ...
The term “polarization” refers to the phenomenon whereby macrophages exhibit different functional phenotypes in different microenvironments. This mainly includes “classically activated macrophages” (M1, pro-inflammatory) and “alternatively activated macrophages” (M2, anti-inflammatory). M1 and M2 macrop...
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M2 Kupffer cells promote M1 Kupffer cell apoptosis: a protective mechanism against alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 59, 130–142 (2014). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Ramachandran, P. et al. Differential Ly-6C expression identifies the recruited macrophage phenotype, ...