RXR deficiency leads to lipid accumulation and apoptosis of adult LPMs Oil-red staining revealed a higher abundance of lipid-filled vacuoles in RXR-deficient peritoneal TIM4+ LPMs than in wild-type TIM4+ LPMs (Fig. 4a). Increased lipid accumulation was not due to increased uptake, since RXR-...
Electron-microscopic examination revealed macrophages abutting lipocytes and containing lipid droplets, clear vacuoles and lysosomes in varying proportions. Lipocytes varied in size. The lipid appeared normal in most, but scattered cells contained electron-dense granules or needle-shaped clefts within the ...
Local activation of normally quiescent tissue macrophages may provoke rearrangements of their surface receptors, making them more sensitive to nanoparticle recognition, and leading to abnormally increased internalization rates in phagosomes—cellular vacuoles containing phagocytosed material. Increased clearance ...
Percentage of inhibition was calculated based on the parasite biomass in the wells containing iRBC with no phagocytic cells. Phagocytic cells were cultured with iRBC (1:20) for 2 h in 96-well plates. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM for each group (n = 5) and the...
These ATM are proposed to have a protective function of scavenging excess local NEFA during periods of demand lipolysis based on the observations of intracellular lipid vacuoles in ATM and the increase in multinucleated lipid-laden macrophages (Cinti et al., 2005; Kosteli et al., 2010). In ...
(anti-inflammatory). Indeed, inatherosclerosis, macrophages demon- strate phenotypic plasticity to rapidly adjust to changing microenvironmental conditions. In the plaque, serum lipids, serum lipoproteins and various pro- or anti-inflammatory stimuli such as cytokines, chemokines and small bioactive...
Lipid-mediated changes in macrophage metabolism and functions Hypoxia-driven changes in macrophage metabolism and functions Macrophage death versus immune suppression in the plaques Conclusion Availability of data and materials References Acknowledgements Funding Author information Ethics declarations Additional infor...
(4-EI). Although it has been found that itaconate can be transferred from mitochondria into salmonella-containing vacuoles through organelle interactions driven by the IRG1-Rab32-BLOC3 system, thus exerting antibacterial functions [13]. However, the mechanism of macrophages absorbing itaconate from ...
As hemocytes disperse through the embryo they engulf dying cells,7 consequently containing numerous vacuoles by stage 15 (Figures 3a, h and 4a). Both SCARD37 mutant and dn SCAR hemocytes exhibited striking increases in the number of vacuoles per cell, especially when two copies of the dn ...
PCRs were performed by using whole-cell extract containing 0.4 μ g of protein for 36 cycles of denaturation/ annealing/extension steps. ®RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi was performed by using Lipofectamine 3000 (L3000008, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) according to the manufacturer's ...