If a gas flows in a smooth-wall pipe, then the properties of turbulent fluid heat exchange are such that the gas will reach thermal equilibrium with the wall after moving roughly 50 pipe diameters (American Handbook of Physics, 1963). This is also the viscous slowing down length, or the ...
TheNASA Engineering Systems Handbook[53] recommends that to assess the TRL of a given system/subsystem correctly, it is necessary to ensure that all the terminology used in TRL assessment is clearly defined for this particular subsystem; for instance, the definitions of the basic principles, what...
Railway Handbook 2017—Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions. Available online: http://www.uic.org/ (accessed on 5 October 2021). Huang, L.; Krigsvoll, G.; Johansen, F.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, X. Carbon emission of global construction sector. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2018, 81, 1906–...
Railway Handbook 2017—Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions. Available online: http://www.uic.org/ (accessed on 5 October 2021). Huang, L.; Krigsvoll, G.; Johansen, F.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, X. Carbon emission of global construction sector. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2018, 81, 1906–...