A human–machine interface of a SCADA system is the graphic apparatus, which mainly refers to computer screens and TV consoles, but can also be specially built industrial programmable controllers such as CNC (computer numerical controller), or PLC (programmable logic controller) devices, as shown ...
It is from this machine house that the controller such as SCADA or PLC controls the objects which are, for example, pumps, blowers and purification monitors, etc. To provide the data communication, the supervisory software of the human–machine interface is linked with the controllers over a ...
The rapid development of 5G networks and the anticipation of 6G technologies have ushered in an era of highly customizable network environments facilitated by the innovative concept of network slicing. This technology allows the creation of multiple virtual networks on the same physical infrastructure, ...
For a power system, Energy Management System (EMS) is generally implemented in the control center on top of SCADA, where the voltage and current are readily available. FSVM links to SCADA/EMS to get existing measurements, i.e., the voltages and currents. There are pre-selected observation ...