It is from this machine house that the controller such as SCADA or PLC controls the objects which are, for example, pumps, blowers and purification monitors, etc. To provide the data communication, the supervisory software of the human–machine interface is linked with the controllers over a ...
A human–machine interface of a SCADA system is the graphic apparatus, which mainly refers to computer screens and TV consoles, but can also be specially built industrial programmable controllers such as CNC (computer numerical controller), or PLC (programmable logic controller) devices, as shown ...
VC is the process of validating the software code for PLCs, HMIs and SCADA equipment in the virtual world before deploying it on the factory floor. The code of the PLC controls a virtual model, also called the behaviour model, which behaves like the real machine [79]. The PLC code ...
Utility providers in many countries have attempted to address these prevalent problems by using the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) [2]. SCADA is a computer system that detects data on temperature, voltage, power, and current. While this system reduces the frequent need to send ...
These challenges are present in different areas of network slicing implementation, namely resource management and scalability, inter-slice handover, integration of AI tools, such as ML, DL, and expert systems, and the security aspects of its implementation in such networks. In the case of ...