7.2.1 Lumbar Puncture As the spinal cord ends at approximately the level of the second lumbar vertebra, but the subarachnoid space continues to the level of the second sacral vertebra, samples of cerebrospinal fluid can be extracted. Prior to the extraction of the cerebrospinal fluid, pressure me...
54.11). At this position a 4-inch 22-gauge needle is inserted in an in-plane approach, the fascia is pierced, and the local anesthetic is placed below the fascia iliaca, above the iliopsoas muscle (see Fig. 54.11). If infiltration is observed within the muscle, the needle should be ...