An LPB is a deep block and the needle traverses several layers of structures, including (from posterior to anterior) the posterior lumbar fascia, paraspinous muscle, anterior lumbar fascia, quadratus lumborum muscle, and psoas muscle.17 Nerve stimulation is probably the most commonly used method ...
7.2.1 Lumbar Puncture As the spinal cord ends at approximately the level of the second lumbar vertebra, but the subarachnoid space continues to the level of the second sacral vertebra, samples of cerebrospinal fluid can be extracted. Prior to the extraction of the cerebrospinal fluid, pressure me...