Vulnerability of a low-income community in South Africa to air pollution: Exploring the use of structural equations modelling to identify appropriate interventionsvulnerabilityhealthlow-income communitiesstructural equationsmodellinginterventionsIn this study, the relationship between certain household traits and ...
countries:根据前文提到 “in Southeast Asia and the western Pacific Ocean”(在东南亚和西太平洋地区)以及后面提到 “these countries”(这些国家),这里表达大多数因空气污染导致的死亡发生在低收入和中等收入的国家,所以填 “countries”。enough:“The people in these countries aren't rich”(这些国家的人不富裕...
100,000 or more people in low-and middle-income countries do not meet WHO air quality guidelines,(9)___56% in high-income countries fail to meet the standard.The report also urged local governments to take stronger and(10)___(effect) measures to fight against a...
When it comes to low-income communities, one major challenge can be access to healthy food options. Many of these communities are considered “food deserts,” meaning they don’t have easy access to fresh fruits and vegetables. But there are ways to access healthy food in low-income communiti...
Environmental Science & Pollution ResearchZou X, Azam M, Islam T, Zaman K (2016) Environment and air pollution like gun and bullet for low-income countries: war for better health and wealth. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23: 3641-3657.Zou X, Azam M, Islam T, Zaman K (...
Indoor air pollution exposure of low-income inner-city residents. En- viron. Int. 12:211-219; 1986.Goldstein, I. F., Hartel, D., Andrews, L. R. & Weinstein, A. L. (1986) Indoor air pollution exposures of low- income inner-city residents, Environment International, 12(1 -4), pp...
that standard was lowered to 8 μg/m3, the result would be an estimated 4% reduction of mortality rate for higher-income White adults, while for marginalized communities it would be considerably higher: 7% for Black higher-income and 6% for both White low-income and Black low-income adults...
Reference: “Age-dependent health risk from ambient air pollution: a modelling study of childhood mortality in middle and low-income countries” by Prof Jos Lelieveld, Ph.D.; Prof Andy Haines, F Med Sci; Andrea Pozzer, Ph.D.; 1 July 2018,The Lancet Planetary Health. ...
In the four years included in her analysis, Ard found persistent air pollution hot spots that did not improve. "We're seeing that these pollution hot spots are the same, year after year, and every time they are in low-income communities—often communities of color. This has implications for...
Improving the energy performance of low income housing may result in important non-energy benefits for the citizens and their communities. According to Skumatz (2010), non-energy benefits may present a value three times higher than the energy profits. According to the same author, the non-energy...