The formula for the distance between two points X(X1, X2,, etc.) and Y(Y1,, Y2,, etc.) is calculated as follows: xi and yi are the coordinates of points where x is the actual size and y is the assigned size for the jth axis to represent the jth dimension. The distance is de...
Deadweight loss is the net loss of total (consumer plus producer) surplus. It is a result of inefficient resource allocation when the marginal cost of production is not equal to the marginal benefit of the demand. It represents a welfare loss that is not captured by either consumers or suppli...
Determining Surplus an Loss, In the graph, which price would allow for an effective price floor? a. $0 b. $12 c. $8 d. $5 Price Floor: A price floor is a price which is set by the government above the equilibrium to prevent the pr...
Let us consider the effect of a new after-tax selling price of $7.50: The price would be $7.50 with a quantity demand of 450. Taxes reduce both consumer and producer surplus. However, taxes create a new section called “tax revenue.” It is the revenue collected by governments at the n...
However, health insurance doesn’t cover the entirety of medical costs. In a health insurance plan, the consumer and the insurance provider split the costs up to a certain point, after which the insurer must cover the full cost. One of the features of a health insurance plan involving cost...
Regression coefficients with 95% Confidence Intervals of associations for A. Body-mass index, B. Waist circumference and C. Body fat percentage and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Formula: “lmer(lnEDC ~ adiposity-related trait * time + (age + sex + diabetes + diet) * time + (1 ...
Martin Feldstein's (1999) widely used taxable income formula for deadweight loss assumes the marginal social cost of evasion and avoidance equals the tax r... R Chetty - 《American Economic Journal Economic Policy》 被引量: 561发表: 2009年 Taxes, organizational form, and the deadweight loss of...
food waste; food loss; predictive model; neural network; decision tree; economic behavior; agrifood chain; consumer1. Introduction The determination of the implications of food loss and waste (FLW) dynamics [1] within economic contexts is an imperative task due to the rising resource optimization...