An opioid is any compound, regardless of the structure, which has the functional and pharmacological properties of an opiate. Endogenous opioids are natural ligands for opioid receptors found in animals. Synthe
The latter is also referred to as long-acting injectable antiretrovi- ral therapy or LAI ART for short. Lessons learned from the longer-standing use of LAIs in the fields of mental health and addiction treatment hold particular relevance given that they treat a population that includes people ...
9,19,32 Of particular concern is our finding that a high proportion (81.8%) of adults who use both drugs concurrently for a long term are prescribed stimulants and short-acting opioids. Short-acting opioids are recommended for acute pain, but their long-term use has been discouraged by ...
Codeine remained the most commonly used opioid at 1 year after surgery (87.5%), but long-term opioid users also used more potent long-acting opioids, including transdermal fentanyl (1.6%) and oxycodone (15.9%). Among the early users group, those who received a prescription within 60 days of...
products for >109 days.5Consequently, although most patients are prescribed IR opioids for short-term treatment (<14 days),5given the large number of patients prescribed IR opioids, the number treated long-term could approach or even exceed the number treated long-term with ER opioids. ...
Our cohort had a high follow-up retention rate after a structured BZDA withdrawal inter- vention in older outpatients, individuals who had for a long time regularly used short-acting BZDAs as hyp- notics. Most (85%) of our participants had used chronic- ally short-acting "Z-drugs," ...
Drugs of abuse, including alcohol, ablate the expression of specific forms of long-term synaptic depression (LTD) at glutamatergic synapses in dorsal striatum (DS), a brain region involved in goal-directed and habitual behaviors. This loss of LTD is asso
Acute inflammation has a fast onset and a short duration of time with several symptoms such as pain, redness, heat, swelling and loss of function in severe cases.2 On the other hand, chronic inflammation exhibits slower onset of symptoms while persisting for a longer duration of time.3,4 ...
68 Furthermore, previous studies suggest that as many as 30% of individuals using opioids are also prescribed SMRs,69,70 which increase risks of opioid-related overdose, particularly in those taking SMRs for longer durations.71 Therefore, despite increasing prevalence and increasing ...
Long-term cancer survivors develop special health issues and specific needs. Chronic pain, whether the consequence of their cancer or as a side effect of t