(though, of course, we don't always know which). In ordinary language, we convey statements by complete declarative sentences, such as "Alan bears an uncanny resemblance to Jonathan," "Betty enjoys watching John cook," or "Chris and Lloyd are an unbeatable team." But when we're thinking...
knowledge. This section also develops the process of writing predicate calculus sentences to the metalevel--to permit sentences about sentences and about reasoning processes. The final three chapters discuss the representation of knowledge about states and actions, planning, and intelligent system ...
When doing symbolization exercises, it is often required that the student give ascheme of abbreviationthat shows which sentences are replaced by which statement letters. For example, an exercise reading "Kermit is a frog only if muppets are animals" yields the solution: ...
In short, from Montague’s point of view every linguistic element has a semantic that is provided by a high-order function that is represented in an appropriate space by a lambda term. Our formalism, as we will demonstrate, enables us to formalize sentences in natural languages by decomposing...