Below, we define the standard system of λ-terms in which abstraction is represented using variables and operators, introduce the fundamental congruence relation of alphabetic variance, and discuss the operation
proper positions and then somehow merge them into one integer (using bitwise operators). For unpacking, you can either do shifting + masking, or, masking + shifting, or, shifting only. Shifting + masking means you first shift the useful bits to the proper positions, and then turnoff (set t...
The basic operators are AND, OR, and NOT. AND is the product of the two arguments; that is, if both propositions are true, then the statement is true. If either of the propositions is false, then the statement is false. OR is the sum of the propositions. If either proposition is tru...
The operators are “optimistic,” in that if they can determine a ‘0’ or ‘1’ result despite inputs being unknown, they do so. Otherwise they return ‘X’ or ‘U’. For example ‘0’ and‘Z’ returns ‘0’, since one input to an and gate being ‘0’ always causes the output...
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operators for each database predicate (i.e. relation), as well as some additional operations for set union and intersections. The memory has two parts. The first part contains embeddings of inputs to query. In the case of argument retrieval query 1, the inputs to the query are the data...
In this study, the authors introduce a high-level primitives to model fuzzy entity type whose semantics are related to each other with logic operators OR, XOR or AND. An example involving an Employee- Vehicle scheme is used in Figure 2 b) to illustrate the aggregation and composition of ...
Molecular substrates can be viewed as computational devices that process physical or chemical 'inputs' to generate 'outputs' based on a set of logical operators. By recognizing this conceptual crossover between chemistry and computation, it can be argued that the success of life itself is founded...
ϕ〛v is the least fixpoint of the function which assigns to a set R of runs the set 〚ϕ〛v[R↦x]. Dual operators can be defined just as in the branching-time case, allowing to transform every formula into positive normal form, which is very convenient for verification ...
1 Introduction 1.1 Background – Three-Valued Logic In classical (Boolean) propositional logic, statements are assigned a "truth- value" that can be either True or False, but not both. Logical operators are Y. Lindell and A. Yanai—Supported by the European Research Council under the ERC ...