sustainable consumption. Those studies that met the criteria, had a narrow definition of sustainable consumption, with little evidence on important aspects of sustainable consumption, such as localgovernment procurement, or consumer items beyond energy and fuels for transportation, such as food or ...
Personnel data means government data on individuals maintained because the individual is or was an employee or applicant for employment. For purposes of this policy, “employee” includes a volunteer or an independent contractor. Clinical Data means the information concerning the safety or performance ...
Definition Measures of well-being aim to estimate and improve well-being levels among people. For that, well-being measurement tools should balance the views of local community members and their definitions of well-being with the indicators used by government and development organizations. The ...
The study presents an analysis of the role that e-Government has played during the last decade (2000-2010) in order to promote transparency, accountability, and anti-corruption measures. It starts with a definition of the principal concepts of the study and the e-Government development in the ...
For starters, it is clear that the 'successfulness' of civic education initiatives can be interpreted in different ways, depending on the dominant objectives, the definition of 'the problem' to be solved, and whether one is speaking to government, the voluntary sector, or particular sectors of ...
Data sources: Scottish local government elections Methodology: how we search for monotonicity anomalies Results Discussion: multiwinner versus single-winner anomalies Discussion: close elections Conclusion Data availability Notes References Funding Author information Ethics declarations Additional information Rights ...
With regard to intergovernmental relations, the paper highlights the need for a clearer definition of local government mandates and a greater recognition of the role of big cities. The current insistence on comprehensive intergovernmental alignment of policies and budgets is questioned, and suggestions ...
We further document that the typhoon had no significant effect on local government income. We find statistically significant and negative effects on local sources such as the tax on business and business income. However, these results are not robust when we consider the endogeneity correction. ...
Definition Financial management for local government is the system by which financial resources are planned, directed, and controlled to enable the efficient and effective delivery of public services at the local level. Introduction Local governments around the world are responsible for a wide range of...
Fig. 1. The local government debt situation in 2021 in various provinces in China. This figure depicts the 2021 local government debt balance, local government debt limit, and debt ratio of each province in China. The debt ratio is calculated as the local government’s debt balance divided by...