The concept of a tier is central to the structure of local government. However there has been no clear definition of the concept, and the term has been applied in vague and inconsistent ways. Furthermore, no procedure exists for identifying the number of tiers in a local government system. ...
In Gambetta's (2000) definition, trust is a belief, which can be measured as a probability that the corresponding agent (neighbors, strangers, government, etc.) will perform an action that is beneficial for us (Sapienza et al., 2013). When working with strongly reduced trust categories in ...
government department- a department of government corrections,department of corrections- the department of local government that is responsible for managing the treatment of convicted offenders; "for a career in corrections turn to the web site of the New Jersey Department of Corrections" ...
Local Government Policy refers to the decisions and actions taken by local governments to allocate policy resources and achieve specific goals, such as those related to climate governance. These policies are influenced by the tradeoffs between central and local governments, leading to different approaches...
This Local shall be organized and conducted within the framework of theseLocal Constitutionand By-Laws and the National Constitution and By-Laws of the National Association of Government Employees and any amendments thereof. Members, officers or officials of Local 891 who may have controversies related...
in which the former develops much quicker than the latter;elaborates the definition and the characteristics of organing;affirms that organizing plays an important role in the regional local governments coordinated developments.And it is thought that organizing is an effective way to develop the ...
Background and Overview ► Reforming California Municipal Finance and the State-Local Relationship - a City Perspective. History, problem definition, principles, and some suggested solutions by Michael Coleman. Jan'11 California Local Government Fiscal Reform . The problems, policy goals, policy ques...
Local government debt plays a vital role in achieving financial financialization and regional economic growth. However, the environmental side effects of the debt-financed infrastructure development model have received little attention. Using a large panel data of Chinese enterprises from 2007 to 2016, ...
2 defines the meaning of EG adopted from the authors; Section 3 provides a summary of the SP structure (planning areas and activities), discussing, within the theories and principles that are fundamental to building EG in a local context, how the SP supports the process of EG definition. In...
Finally, the centralization of municipal governments can also weaken the ties between lower-level government and companies, which leads to fewer rent-seeking activities. However, to verify the above theoretical expectations, we need to identify an exogenous policy, and China’s county-to-district (...