But the main objectives were security-related: the government was feeling its authority challenged not only in the capital but also in the regions. Thus it installed new ways and means of tightening its grip over the localities while promising them a measure of increased development. Bibliogr.,...
There are so many units of government in Illinois that people can’t even agree on the total because of differences over what technically qualifies as a government body. The U.S. Census Bureau says 6,930, while the Illinois Department of Revenue, which tracks governments authorized to levy pr...
And so in 1983 Congress established a Social Security benefit rule called the Government Pension Offset (GPO). The GPO reduces the Social Security spousal supplement paid to a retiree with a non-covered pension by two thirds of the pension’s amount. …the Social Security Fairness Act would re...
LOCAL LABOR MARKETS: THEORIES AND POLICIES IN THE U.S. DURING THE 1970s *local labor marketspolicytarget efficiencysegmentationLocal labor market policies of the federal government are critically evaluated with respect to their target efficiency and underlying theoretical assumptions. Policies of the ...
not from a productivity-centric perspective. As ‘innovators’ in the government sector, building at a pace that facilitates trust is difficult, and that is where Philadelphia’s team has focused extensively. The team asks how they can create conditions for trust between the government and the co...
[translate] aSince the 1970s, there has been a global trend towards decentralization and empowerment of local government (Sharpe, 1988). 从70年代,有全球趋势往当地政府Sharpe的分权和援权 (1988年)。 [translate] 英语翻译 日语翻译 韩语翻译 德语翻译 法语翻译 俄语翻译 阿拉伯语翻译 西班牙语翻译 葡萄牙...
题目Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places.It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become(1)___ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics,and often...
This study examines the impact of the increase in single-person households, a major demographic shift, on local government spending in Korea from 2015 to 2022. Korea’s rapidly aging population and low birth rates make it a compelling case study. To address potential endogeneity we use the unev...
Baqir also finds that expenditures (per capita or as a share of total income) are not significantly different in councils where a majority of members are elected at-large, but that local government employment per capita is lower when at-large councilors are in the majority. However, evaluated...
Israel; bLauder School of Government, Diplomacy & Strategy, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel ABSTRACT Under which circumstances local governments' responsiveness to its residents' preferences overtakes the central government's accountability for public pre ferences at the national level in democrac...