And so in 1983 Congress established a Social Security benefit rule called the Government Pension Offset (GPO). The GPO reduces the Social Security spousal supplement paid to a retiree with a non-covered pension by two thirds of the pension’s amount. …the Social Security Fairness Act would re...
Australian local government was the subject of a great deal of debate in the 1970s as attention focused on geographical boundaries, legal and constitutional jurisdiction, and financial imbalance. Little came of moves to reform boundaries or to alter the scope of activities. More success was ...
But the main objectives were security-related: the government was feeling its authority challenged not only in the capital but also in the regions. Thus it installed new ways and means of tightening its grip over the localities while promising them a measure of increased development. Bibliogr.,...
Index to Local Government New Entries FAQ Custom Indexes Map Tool Abbreviations Site Map Alderman Armstrong, William Bassett, Richard Blunt, Anthony Browne, Dominick Dès Mynières, Lewis Forbes, William Kirwan, Andrew Miller, Mark Morley, John Parnell, Tobias Smethurst, Henry Soame, Thomas Vincen...
他也说大陆游人不应该参观海岛。[translate] aSince the 1970s, there has been a global trend towards decentralization and empowerment of local government (Sharpe, 1988). 从70年代,有全球趋势往当地政府Sharpe的分权和援权 (1988年)。[translate]
Baqir also finds that expenditures (per capita or as a share of total income) are not significantly different in councils where a majority of members are elected at-large, but that local government employment per capita is lower when at-large councilors are in the majority. However, evaluated...
Municipal election provisions in different states are not uniform. In some, arrangements for election are made by the state government, while in others Municipal Commissioners (executive officers) make the arrangements. Prior to the passage of the 1992 Act, urban local government was defined generall...
Government of Canada & Interagency Advisory Panel on Research Ethics. TCPS 2 (2018)—chapter 9: Research involving the first nations, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. https://ethics.gc.ca/eng/tcps2-eptc2_2018_chapter9-chapitre9.html (2019). Mc Cartney, A. M. et al. Balancing openne...
, viz., (i) presence of a committed individual in a local-level government that (ii) manifests a solid climate protection policy (preventing GHG emissions), (iii) has funding available, (iv) has power over related domains, and (v) perhaps most crucially, has the political will to act....
On January 1st, 2002, the State Council enacted the "Income Tax Sharing Reform Act". Although corporate income tax was still collected by Local Tax Bureau, the central government began to share this revenue with the local government. In 2002, the central and local share was half each. After...