摘要: The thickness of liquid water films was imaged by a combination of Raman scattering and tracer-based laser-induced fluorescence in combination with local film thickness and temperature measurements by near-infrared diode laser absorption.
The analysis is further refined to demonstrate that the value of the correction factor derived by averaging values calculated locally along the flight path overestimates the value derived from liquid water path and optical thickness of a cloudy column, and that there is no detectable relationship ...
The film thickness was represented in terms of capillary number. The variation in film thickness along the length of the flow regime has been discussed. A relation between the liquid film thicknesses measured using the non-intrusive image processing technique and capillary number for the conventional...
(1993) demonstrated that conditioning a liquid water by a few mW/cm2 of microwave radiation at 51.5 GHz for 5 min changed its refractive index by △n = 2.5 . 10−4. This variation is 10 times the change in the sample index achieved with an equivalent thermal power. The effect had a...
The Fourier filtering of the interference pattern gives a Bessel shape function, so the center of the fringes is equivalent to the position of the intensity peak. Then, by using the interference condition for fringes, the thickness \(t\) was calculated. Fig. 2 shows the cross section and ...
Comparisons of the integrated liquid water content from a ground-based microwave radiometer and PMS observations with the Cloud Optical Thickness (COT) of EOS/MODIS cloud products are carried out, respectively. Two equations are obtained for describing the relationship between cloud liquid water content...
2.2.1.1 Equivalent vapour pressure (EVP) Equivalent vapour pressure is defined as the pressure of the water molecules on the solution surface which is in equilibrium with the water vapour molecules in the surrounding air, this factor is utilized to assess the dehumidification capacity of the liquid...
In our MXene system, Φ is estimated to be around 2 vol%, which is equivalent to about 80 mg ml−1 of MXene nanosheets in aqueous solution. However, because the MXene nanosheets are highly polydisperse in terms of size, and the surface charges differ from system to system, ...
The obtained mixed electrolyte showed the equivalent electrochemical performance of ordinary liquid electrolyte with the LiFePO4/MCMB graphite systerm. When 40% content of ionic liquid was added, the mixed electrolyte was nonflammable (Fig. 9b). Lombardo et al. [112] prepared four ionic liquid/...
Traditionally, liquidpetroleum productswere more expensive than natural gas on an equivalent energy basis. This is why burning oil to produce heat or electricity is generally limited to regions without natural gas supplies. Lately, the spread between oil and natural gas prices has widened considerably...