6). The models are largely consistent with the observed position of UDP in the crystal structure (Fig. 6). In both models shown, the lipid tails extend toward a hydrophobic groove lined by V125, W126, and W128; in addition, the anomeric carbon is exposed for nucleophilic attack from ...
The polar heads are hydrophilic, or soluble in water, whereas the nonpolar tails are hydrophobic, or insoluble in water. Lipid molecules of this composition spontaneously form aggregate structures such as micelles and lipid bilayers, with their hydrophilic ends oriented toward the watery medium and ...
lipids with a single hydrophobic tail on the branches exhibited higher mRNA delivery efficacy compared to those with double tails (Fig.2h). Among these multiple-branched and single-tailed lipids, the hit rate reached 100% when RLU
In aqueous systems, the polar lipids spontaneously form micelles, by which the hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails are hidden from the surrounding water. On the surface of water (water/air interphase), they form monolayers with the hydrophobic tails pointing out toward the air. The cell membrane is an...
(Fig. 2B). In these examples, whereas the polar head of lipids contact the protein at sites that are specific for each lipid species, the aliphatic tails occupy the same hydrophobic pocket. This renders the binding of two lipids mutually exclusive. This feature suggests that many of these ...
We propose that CD1 binds antigen by accommodating the two lipid tails within the hydrophobic groove of its two membrane distal domains, positioning the rigid hydrophilic cap of the antigen on the solvent-exposed surface of the CD1 protein, where it can directly contact the T-cell antigen ...
The hydrophobic tails form the bilayer core while the hydrophilic headgroups form the exterior of the bilayer. While phospholipids have a similar structure in general, there is variety among headgroup moieties as well as tail moieties. In living cells, phospholipids are distributed asymmetrically ...
In contrast, the top and bottom halves of the lipid tails surrounding MAO-B are more and less ordered, respectively, than in the absence of the protein. Finally, we identify which residues are important in binding individual phospholipids by counting the number and type of lipid atoms that ...
The expansion coefficients are obtained from a molecular theory that explicitly accounts for the conformational degrees of freedom of the hydrophobic tails of the lipid and of the polymer chains. The polar headgroup interactions are treated using the opposing forces model. The onset of stability of ...
Furthermore, the partitioning into mouse PgP structures appears to be determined by the lipid tails, which interact with the hydrophobic cavity; therefore, for these structures the lipids do not flip within the cavity. Rules for Membrane Proteins The MemProtMD dataset can also be analyzed to ...