The Lennard-Jones and torsion parameters of both the head and tail groups have been revised and updated partial charges calculated. The force field has been validated by simulating bilayers of six different lipid types for a total of 0.5 渭s each without applying a surface tension; with ...
The cationic/ionizable amino lipids are critical for mRNA transfection, and can be synthesized using rational design approaches to systematically vary the lipid head and tail structures8,10,11. Alternatively, combinatorial methods have been used to generate libraries of lipid-like materials and ...
Each phospholipid molecule has a polar hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic acid tails, which could be pure saturated tails or a mixture of saturated and unsaturated tails. Some polar lipids are also responsible for signaling and reacting to changes in the surroundings [145]. Non-polar lipids are...
polar headgroup, linker, and a hydrophobic tail. The cationic headgroup binds to negatively charged nucleic acids via electrostatic interaction. Although primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary amines are the most prevalent cationic headgroups, guanidine, imidazole, pyridinium, and phosphorus groups ...
In contrast, in thinner membranes, the protein may reside in the vicinity of the headgroup–tail interface, where the lateral pressure is negative (Supplementary Fig. 13), and the forces exerted on the protein would be different (see Supplementary Note 7 for more discussions). We rule out ...
sphingolipidGeneral structural formula of a sphingolipid. The composition of the specific molecule depends on the chemical group (designated R2 in the diagram) linked to the alcohol “head” and also on the length of the fatty acid “tail” (R1). ...
This method allows us to distinguish cholesterol organizations in the tail to tail, head to tail, head to head, and side-by-side manners. It is found that the movement of cholesterol in the lipid bilayer largely depends on the flip-flop rate of the phospholipid. The flip-flop dynamics of...
Additional were troll caught off the Oregon coast and analyzed fresh for fatty acid content. Core samples were taken from six designated body zones of the . The content ranged from 3.9 ± 0.2 to 36.3 ± 1.1%, with a distribution of higher towards the head and lower towards the tail. ...
While we had studied the activity of the body and tail regions of sterols, we had yet to decipher the function of the head (C-3 hydroxyl) group. To define the role of the head group of β-sitosterol in LNP efficacy, we expanded our screening to include β-sitosterol analogs (Fig.2e)...
The lipid bilayer is made from phospholipids which have a hydrophilic (polar) head and lipophilic (non-polar) tail (Daraee et al., 2016). The ability to deliver hydrophilic, lipophilic, and amphiphilic compounds is a major advantage of liposomes (Isailović et al., 2013). Maritim et al...