Here, we show that in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and mouse models of epilepsy, excessive lipid accumulation in astrocytes leads to the formation of lipid-accumulated reactive astrocytes (LARAs), a new reactive astrocyte subtype characterized by elevated APOE expression. Genetic knock...
Here, we show that in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and mouse models of epilepsy, excessive lipid accumulation in astrocytes leads to the formation of lipid-accumulated reactive astrocytes (LARAs), a new reactive astrocyte subtype characterized by elevated APOE expression. Genetic knock...
In the OB and VN, LD co-localize with the astrocyte and microglia markers (Figure 7A e–h). However, LD are rarely seen at P34 and >P50 mice, when there are obvious pathological signs, such as reactive astrocytes and activated microglia. Hence, LDs accumulate in glia prior to the onset...
As the brains aged, C20 gangliosides in the form of GM1 (GM1(d20:1/C18:0) accumulated in the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus where neuron degradation occurred similar to AD progression [92]. Together, these results suggest that ceramides, sphingomyelin, S1P, as well as more ...
Again, in Npc1−/− microglia, lipid droplet staining could not be observed and Nile red visualized accumulated myelin within late endosomes/lysosomes. Fig. 5: Npc1−/− microglia display impairment in myelin turnover. a, b In vitro myelin phagocytosis assay. Cultured primary microglia ...
The presence of increased levels of sulfatides in MLD EVs may reflect a compensation mechanism by which affected neural cells remove accumulated sulfatides from cell membranes by exocytosis to reduce toxic levels. It may also represent a component in the overall mechanism of pathogenesis in MLD, as...
(Prentice et al.2019). Adipocytes of FABP4-deficient mice have a decreased lipolysis efficiency, suggesting the chaperone regulates lipolysis in these cells (Shen et al.1999). Under nutrient deprivation, triglycerides accumulated in lipid droplets are hydrolyzed into glycerol and fatty acids via ...
Abnormal lipid metabolism shapes astrocyte reactivity in patients with epilepsyIn the brains of patients with epilepsy, apolipoprotein E-mediated lipid transfer from hyperactive neurons to astrocytes results in lipid metabolism reprogramming and formation of lipid-accumulated reactive astrocytes. These ...
The nanocapsules were found to effectively cross the BBB with site-specific accumulated delivery of intravenous immunoglobulin in a high-affinity choline transporter 1-overexpression dependent manner via endothelial cells in brain ischemic areas. Overall, the delivery system was deemed a potential approach...
Our data suggest that under conditions of elevated ROS, lactate is converted into pyruvate and AcCoA to serve as building blocks for lipid production in neurons and that the lipids are shuttled to glia, where they are accumulated in LD. To determine whether lactate contributes to lipid synthesis...