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These three metals possess relative low densities, 1.7 g/cm3 (magnesium), 2.7 g/cm3 (aluminum) and 4.5 g/cm3 (titanium) when compared with 7.9 g/cm3 and 8.9 g/cm3 for the heavy structural materials, iron and copper (Rooy, 1990; Friedrich and Mordike, 2006; Lütjering and Williams, ...