Photosynthesis in plants converts light energy to chemical energy and is accompanied by photorespiration, which involves peroxisomes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts1. Photorespiration is essential for plant sur
Developmental outcomes are shaped by the interplay between intrinsic and external factors. The production of stomata—essential pores for gas exchange in plants—is extremely plastic and offers an excellent system to study this interplay at the cell line
Light is essential for plant growth, but excessive light energy produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can seriously damage cells. Mutants defective in ATG (autophagy related) genes show light intensity-dependent leaf damage and ROS accumulation. We found that autophagy is one of the ...
The main organelle where this occurs is the chloroplast. Photosynthesis follows two phases, the light-dependent, and light-independent reactions.Answer and Explanation: Light-dependent Reactions In the light-dependent reactions, sunlight energy will be captured by photos...
preventing the excitation of signals beyond this range and extracting only the in-focus signals. Due to the illumination light concentrated exclusively within the focal plane, there is insufficient energy for nonlinear effects to excite out-of-focus signals. The optical system is the same as Fig....
Density functional theory (DFT) is a method of simulating quantum mechanical effects to obtain the energy levels of molecules or systems of molecules, from which the absorption spectra can be determined (Capelle, 2006). Molecular dynamics simulations are more coarse-grained than density functional ...
3a). Moreover, the dynamic movement of the TOM20 was captured by SOGO-SOFI at 10 Hz (Fig. 3b). The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest intracellular organelle and forms a complex network of dense matrices and well-separated tubules. Insufficient spatiotemporal resolution will lead to ...
They are light-dependent and light-independent (dark) reactions. Answer and Explanation: Knowing that the process of photosynthesis has two distinct phases, light energy plays a key role in the first part, which is the light-dependent......
is instrumental in catalyzing light-induced water-splitting reactions, which result in the generation of electrons, protons, and molecular oxygen. The core of PSII is associated with peripheral light-harvesting antennae to enhance the absorption cross-section of PSII. Solar light is captured by ...
nanostructures of the samples could be magnified in the far field and captured by white-light microscopy. In this case, the living cell acts as a biomagnifier for nano-optical imaging. Furthermore, the nanosized light spot from the biomagnifier can exert a strong optical gradient force to ...