The errorbar corresponds to the noise level of the setup. d THz emission signal for MgO/Cu/Ni (10 nm) samples for different Cu thicknesses. The maxima of the signals are highlighted by a circular marker. e Delay τD versus Cu thickness dCu from experimental results in Fig. 2d. ...
As far as the losses \(\tan \delta\) are concerned, they are inversely related to the propagation length which equals to \(1/(2\textrm{Im}[\beta ])\) and shows how weak is the damping of the developed surface wave46. In this sense, the quantities that will be optimized in the ...
The ship must have some kind of inertial damping system to prevent being torn apart by the transition to hyperspace. Both entry into and return from hyperspace cause a bright flash of light that is very detectable at long ranges. The jump is nearly instantaneous, so there is not much you ...
Using the known theorem on the spectral decomposition of the Green functions (the two-point CFs) one can bypass the calculation of a CF by finding the discrete spectrum from the corresponding equation of motion, as is usually implemented in practice. But this should not depreciate the importance...
number of required equations from four coupled vector partial differential equations to a scalar integro-differential equation. For instance, Qi’s research group has integrated high-fidelity photopolymerization reaction kinetics into a reaction-diffusion physics-based model that considers the mass transport...
The quantum properties of a non-degenerate three-level laser with the parametric amplifier and coupled to a thermal reservoir are thoroughly analyzed with the use of the pertinent master equation and stochastic differential equations associated with the normal ordering. Applying solutions of resulting ...
Light absorption near a surface of conductive materials and nanostructures leads to the excitation of nonequilibrium, high-energy charge carriers: electrons above the Fermi level or holes below it. When remaining inside a material, these so-called hot carriers result in nonlinear, Kerr-type, optical...
In the quasistatic approximation, light scattering by sphere particles is addressed by solving the Laplace equation for the scalar electric potential with continuous boundary conditions where ,a,εpandεmare the electric field alongzdirection, radius of particle, dielectric function of the particle and...
We introduce a family of membrane-targeted azobenzenes (MTs) with a push-pull character as a new tool for cell stimulation. These molecules are water soluble and spontaneously partition in the cell membrane. Upon light irradiation, they isomerize from tr
We calculated the reorganization energy values for the electron (λ−) and hole (λ+) carriers using the following equation: $$\lambda _{ - / + } = \left( {E_{ - / + }^ \ast - E_{ - / + }} \right) + \left( {E_{ - / + }^{ \ast \ast } - E_0} \right)$$ ...